Top SEO trends that will dominate the online market in 2016

With the increased usage of internet marketing these days, Search Engine Optimization has emerged as one of the most utilized strategy to market your companies in a global scenario. New trends are pouring into SEO services with the major search engine Google making updates in its algorithms on a regular basis. In 2015 we had seen a large number of companies being penalized for not updating the recent updates and trends on their websites. This trend will continue in 2016.

In the coming days, chances are more for the emergence of social data to guide content creation through searches due to the wide range of changes undergone by search and content marketing worldwide. 2016 will also see the emergence of more optimized mobile apps due to the usage of smart phones by a large section of people these days. Optimization of mobile apps is highly essential as 52% of all the time that is spent on social media is consumed by these apps. When the app has certain unique and stylish features, it will attract more customers into it.

If your mobile app is designed in a perfect method with proper alignment, scrolling or navigation and proper layout then it will definitely aid in the promotion of your brand to a wider audience. The New Year will also witness the emergence of structured data which will help in strengthening the communication between your website and search engine. The intelligent way in which search engines are built makes them more prone to structured data and its usage.

Apart from this, the layout of your website will be noticed fairly well in 2016. People these days mostly look for the sites and their ease of usage with layout being a feature that catches the attention of many. A well laid site will be catchy and trendy in the perspective of a viewer. A poorly designed site with difficult navigating features will distract customers as they will not even visit the site and may turn back to the search results for an alternative option.

Companies will start to consider website development and social media marketing as an integrated whole or as two parts of a brand’s overall web presence rather than treating them as two distinct entities. According to SEO expert Jim Yu, the increased usage of social media by various firms will help in improving their online presence by a more convenient branding methodology. This is possible as 50% of the sales are mainly lost due to customers not able to find out what they are looking for in a quick manner.

These days search engines mostly opt out for websites with fast loading and easy navigation features. Sites are ranked by search engines on the basis of usability of the site by more people as focus of SEO is now on client experience. This requires more emphasis on the technical aspects which needs to be properly carried out so that your site can attain the top rankings in search engines within a short period of time. Your site will not just be in top ranks for some months, but will remain in the position once it is updated regularly with new updates.

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Search Engine Optimization Services: Tricks and Tips

In the emerging world of e-commerce and e-business, marketing through internet has evolved as a quintessential tactics to attract attention of the public. As there are numerous websites and web pages created day by day, to get noted by the online seekers is a Herculean task to achieve. For that the websites should be unique and attractive so that they select a particular website over the other. Initially this was not considered as an important part of internet marketing but with the wide use of technology, the site owners identified the value of having their sites highly visible and ranked in the search engine results. This opens the wide gamut of opportunity to Search Engine Optimization Services.

Search engine optimization or SEO is a powerful web marketing technique which helps the websites to make a better ranking and visibility in the web-world. This technique helps the websites to emerge as the top results for a query given in the search engines. When the website is in the top search result list, it will be more opted by the information seekers and thus the websites will be more marketed and will get more visitors.

SEO is all about making small modification to your websites in an incremental manner. If it is viewed stage by stage the modifications are simple and little but when viewed in totality it can make a great deal of impact on the viewer. Even if it is all about prioritizing the website in search engines, the main concern here is the user. In order to make your website visible the precedence should be given to the visitors' interest and views as they are the consumers and consumers are always treated as king in any kind of marketing. Thus SEO helps in putting the best foot of your website forward. It should be noted that SEO helps in better visibility of websites in organic or unpaid search results.

To facilitate optimization, it is crucial to know about the working of search engines. The basic functions done by the different search engines are same. The activities done by the search engines in order to get the search results are crawling, indexing, processing, relevancy calculation and retrieving. First a software in search engines called crawlers or spiders will crawl through the web to see what is there. It follows links from one page to another and index whatever content it finds in the way so as to retrieve later. The indexed page is stored in a huge database. Actually this indexing is done in such a way that the spider identifies the words and expressions that best describes the page or site and stores it under a particular keyword. So if better optimization is done in selecting the words and expressions the spider will better identify your website. Thus keywords become a vital part in optimizing. When a search request comes in the search engine, it will try to match the search string with the indexed pages in the data base. As there can be countless pages having the same string, the search engine try to prioritize or rank the pages by calculating its relevancy. The relevancy calculations are done by using algorithms and different search engines rely on different types of algorithms. Each algorithm has particular weightings for ranking. This is the reason why the search results for same requests become different for different search engines. For example for Google search engine, links are vital tool for ranking while for Yahoo it is the on-page keyword factors that are of primary importance. Likewise each search engine has different ways for prioritizing and in order to conquer more than one search engine you need to optimize your website watchfully. Also the search engines change their algorithms periodically and so it is essential to update your websites to gear up to the top rankings. After prioritizing, the retrieval process is done which is displaying the end result in highest to lowest ranking sites. By now you will be clear that the search engines give emphasis on the keywords present in the content of the site. The other cue factors are the number of links to the particular website, link quality, internet site linking structure and the age of the site.

SEO can be done using different methods. They are:

• Creating suitable and accurate page titles- The title should properly indicate the content of the page which makes the spider to easily identify the page. Brief and descriptive titles can be used.
• Use description meta tags- The summary of what the page is all about can be provided through the page's description meta tags. As the title may be short and crisp, a description meta tag can contain a few sentences about the content in the page. This will act as a snippet i.e., the text that is displayed below the title of the webpage in search result page which is in match with the search query given by the users.
• Use properly structured URLs- It is always helpful if the URLs are simple to understand. This will convey the information contained in the web pages more easily and precisely. Also it helps in the better crawling by the search engines. If the URLs contain the words specified in the query it will get more priority.
• Provide cross linking- Cross linking can be given between the pages in the same website so that important pages will contain more links and thus improves the visibility. Easy-to-flow internal linking structure can make the user and the search engine to quickly find the internal links of the websites.
• Provide content optimization- For the success of the search engine marketing, optimized and relevant content is necessary. The content should be designed in such a manner that it should contain frequently searched keyword phrase. This will keep the website in top priority.
• Provide design optimization- Proper website design optimization can be given for better accessibility of the site. Graphics and layouts give the web pages an attractive and understandable format which appeals more to the web users.

Search engine optimization can be done by site-owners themselves or it can be outsourced. On outsourcing the SEO service, professional and expert optimization of the websites can be done. Nowadays there are many SEO firms which provide efficient and effective designing of your websites which makes it unique from the competitors. They help in updating the pages according to the changing algorithms used by the search engines and help your website to grasp the top status of the search results.

The top companies providing SEO services in India are:

• GESCIS Technologies Private Limited
• Treuemax Info Solutions
• seoexperts4all

As every technology, SEO techniques also have positive as well as negative aspect. This technology is also manipulated in many ways. On this basis SEO techniques can be classified into White Hat SEO and Unethical SEO. As the name indicates White Hat SEO refers to the good practice methods to achieve high search engine rankings while Unethical SEO refers to gaining the high ranking using unethical methods. Although Unethical SEO can bring short term positive impact, for long term it can turn out to be disastrous to your website and to your business. These are actually banned by the search engines unlike White Hat SEO. On detecting such malpractices, the site or page will be banned, de-indexed or penalized through lower rankings. Thus only White Hat SEO can bring a long term benefit to the site owners.

Some Unethical techniques commonly used are:

• Hiding contents- There will be contents in the disguised manner stuffed under keywords which is invisible to the users.
• Keyword stuffing- This includes filling the meta tag with unnecessary keywords.
• Link farming- Link farms links the page to unrelated sites which can dangerous to the existence of your own website.

Some of the White Hat SEO techniques are:

• Keyword research and its effective use
• Analysis
• Relevant meta tags
• Quality content
• Quality inbound links etc.

In this fast moving technology-cladded web world, to get noticed needs great effort. Search Engine Optimization services helps your website to gain the deserving recognition in the web world along with opening the wide arena of marketing and business.

Doing Professional SEO Services in USA

SEO or search engine optimization is the process of increasing the overall visibility of your website. Now a day everyone uses the internet looking up each and every detail. The thing that people do to find information is to open any search engine and type in the keywords in the search tab. Within seconds thousands of results will pop up. Usually the topmost links are clicked to go to that website. The more the number of visitors the more the site traffic will be. SEO is created as a method to increase the website traffic. Market analysts say that almost 95 percent of the online searchers clicks and visits the website that ranks first.

In developed countries like USA the use of internet and all the smart applications are in an ever time high. This creates a very large scope for the SEO services in USA. The basic law behind the method of increasing the site ranking is same everywhere. As there are more links of the website distributed throughout the World Wide Web the chances for finding the website by a search engine crawler also increases. This in turn increases the ranking of the site and hence the traffic. This basic law is applied by the companies for increasing the ranking of the websites in USA also. The only basic difference is in the strategy and the time obtained for the result.

USA is a very big market and there are many companies providing SEO services. The scope and importance of SEO services in USA depends on the increased popularity of online trading there. In such rich countries the amount of money people spent in shopping is large. In this a handsome share goes to online shopping. So the eCommerce websites are in a never ending spree to reach the top most ranking. This process is very difficult in case of search engines like Yahoo, Google and Bing. So the services of an expert will always be needed to reach the top of the search engine rankings.

Since the clients in USA mainly carry large websites, the work can only be handled by companies with enough experience and workforce. The process of search engine optimization in USA goes through a series of steps consisting of article submission, bookmarking, blog writing, and Social media optimization or SMO. In this SMO plays an important role in SEO USA. This is due to the increased popularity of social channels like Face book and twitter in USA when compared to other countries. Youth who are the main consumers of the internet can be easily contacted and influenced by increased presence in the Social media.

The competition is this field in very tight and a lot of work is necessary for improving the ranking in search engines, which will be visible only after at least six months of careful planning and work. This time span causes the plan to be a bit pricier. But the overall results will make this effort worthy.

Cheap SEO and its Packages- Grow Your Business in Market With SEO

Cheap seo services- The most cost effective method for online business

Search engine optimization is the process for high page ranking the websites. They affect the visibility of a web page or a website. When the website is highly page ranked it will receive more visitors from the search engine users.Promotion of web sites will increase the number of back-links, or inbound links. It is another seo tactic to page rank the websites. Website optimization involves editing its HTML coding and contents to increase its relevant specific keywords. Seo ensures us how search engine works and which are the actual terms people search for. They are aware about which search engines are preferred mostly by their targeted audience. We should be really careful by choosing a cheap seo. Cheap seo hosting plans helps us to gain more profit in business. They are reliable for business. Seo service providers offer complementary package of plans at affordable rates. Technology have a massive improvement now. Now usually cheap seo packages are used by the small business website owners. For big business projects seo packages were used. So at low costs people can easily market their products and can achieve major profit turn overs. Seo services are offered at less cost and can get it available online. People can achieve it by using their websites according to which industry they belongs.

Seo offers more traffic to the websites. Search engines helps to attract as many as customers as possible. Using the web contents, we can submit our articles and link building and in-bounding services too. Cheap seo packages contains these services. In order to achieve profits people can optimize their websites according to the needs for online business. We can buy well written articles according to our choice which helps in promoting our brands in the market. Cheap seo packages helps in utilizing our campaigning in the market and provide quick access to press releases and blogs. We can update writing contents for getting more publicity of our products.The articles submitted in top directories of website will gain popularity very quickly and valuable back-links are important keys used for producing traffic. We can customize all these according to our business needs. Cheap seo services must be inexpensive but their work stands as pricey ones. These packages are created especially for clients to get benefited from them. Entrepreneurs get more advantages without spending any money. They can get good rolling of their online business.

Search Engine Optimization

“Internet is like an act that of a magician. The miracle that internet had made to happen is really mind boggling ones. We can find everything on internet that has put the world knowledge in a computer box”

                                     The internet had its origin in the DOD’s(Department of Defence USA) efforts to build a controller that can get entry in any network that is very broad, stubborn and sturdy. A web search engine is a software code that is designed to search for information on the WWW(World Wide Web).

                                      Search Service is a company that runs a complex programme to keep track of all sites propping up on the internet. Users can access a service’s listings to try to find sites of interest by using keywords and names .For  example ,if you wanted to see what types of sites the internet had to offer on Mark Twain, you might visit the Yahoo! site(at http://www.yahoo.com). Once you’re there, you simply type ‘Mark Twain’ in the search window and get away you go. Yahoo! was one of the first, and is still one of the dimple interface and friendly demeanor.                                                       

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                                    Your request for sites about Mark Twain should bring back a list of possible sites .If they’re not exactly what you were looking for, you might try to narrow your search parameters; most search services make it easy to do.

                                    If you’re having difficulty with a search or if you just want to find an interesting topic, most search services now offer directories for you to browse through. In a directory, you can pick a general topic and work your way down to a specific site .For example, you could pick the general category of health, then pick out a particular hospital’s website. Directories are very easy to use and can lead to some great discoveries .Some search services even provide reviews and ratings of website.

                                   It’s usually pretty easy to find a search service, and most web browsers offer their own list at the start page or through a button on the browser. 

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                                   URL stands for universal resource locator ,which is a fancy way of saying “internet address” .URL’s are those long strings of text that are popping up in everything  from newspaper articles to television commercials, asking you to visit a certain website. URL’s usually start with “http”; have a mess of letters, numbers, and punctuation marks in the middle; and include a three letter combination such as .EDU or .COM or .ORG at the end.

                                   By typing a complete URL into the appropriate window of a web browser, you can jump instantly to a new site on the internet .Just like a real-life address, it’s very important to make sure you enter a URL; otherwise it’s likely you’ll end up in the wrong place.

                                     Most on-line companies also offer their own gateways to the internet. The main difference between the internet and the commercial on-line services is that no single person or company owns the internet, so there is nobody in charge of content.

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                                      Since nobody owns the internet, you don’t have to pay for its use. However you have to pay to connect it. This is where internet Service Providers (ISPs) come into play. They provide the link between your computer and the rest of the internet .An ISP has absolutely no control over the content of the internet .Companies own and operate the commercial services. They work to create the content, monitor activity, and provide services that users won’t find on the internet .Commercial services also offer monitored chat rooms ,where people can have a real-time discussions under the watchful eye of the company’s censors. If people in a chat-room get out of line and use forbidden words or phrases, they are checked at once. Hypertext Mark Language is a language of the World Wide Web .You can use HTML to create the instructions that tell a web browser and your computer to display a web page. You can add HTML tags to plain text files to create things such as headlines and other page elements. One of the most important elements of HTML is the fact that any browser, on any computer, can read and interpret it.

                                      Optimal URLs do play a role in SEO. Words in URLs gives the search engines another algorithmic insight into the types of searches the page would be relevant for. Customers reviewing their search results can see the URL displayed and get information regarding the page they are in need of .Optimal URL is simple to understand and unique. They are static, short and relevant. Optimal URL length is subjective, for making them relevant .URL’s are one of the many factors that make up search engines various algorithms.URL optimization can give you a edge over larger and stronger brands.

Crawlers, spiders, and robots - Databases - Quality considerations

Crawlers, spiders, and robots

The query interface and search results pages truly are the only parts of a search engine that the user ever sees. Every other part of the search engine is behind the scenes, out of view of the people who use it every day. That doesn’t mean it’s not important, however. In fact, what’s in the back end is the most important part of the search engine, and it’s what determines how you show up in the front end.

If you’ve spent any time on the Internet, you may have heard a little about spiders, crawlers, and robots. These little creatures are programs that literally crawl around the Web, cataloging data so that it can be searched. In the most basic sense, all three programs — crawlers, spiders, and robots — are essentially the same. They all collect information about each and every web URL.

This information is then cataloged according to the URL at which they’re located and are stored in a database. Then, when a user uses a search engine to locate something on the Web, the references in the database are searched and the search results are returned.

Databases

Every search engine contains or is connected to a system of databases where data about each URL on the Web (collected by crawlers, spiders, or robots) is stored. These databases are massive storage areas that contain multiple data points about each URL.

The data might be arranged in any number of different ways and is ranked according to a method of ranking and retrieval that is usually proprietary to the company that owns the search engine.

You’ve probably heard of the method of ranking called PageRank (for Google) or even the more generic term quality scoring. This ranking or scoring determination is one of the most complex and secretive parts of SEO. How those scores are derived, exactly, is a closely guarded secret, in part because search engine companies change the weight of the elements used to arrive at the score according to usage patterns on the Web.

The idea is to score pages based on the quality that site visitors derive from the page, not on how well web site designers can manipulate the elements that make up the quality score. For example, there was a time when the keywords that were used to rank a page were one of the most important factors in obtaining a high-quality score.

That’s no longer the case. Don’t get me wrong. Keywords are still vitally important in web page ranking. However, they’re just one of dozens of elements that are taken into consideration, which is why a large portion of Part II of this book is dedicated to using keywords to your advantage. They do have value; and more important, keywords can cause damage if not used properly — but we’ll get to that.

Quality considerations

When you’re considering the importance of databases, and by extension page quality measurements, in the mix of SEO, it might be helpful to equate it to something more familiar — customer service. What comprises good customer service is not any one thing. It’s a conglomeration of different factors — greetings, attitude, helpfulness, and knowledge, just toname a few — that come together to create a pleasant experience. A web page quality score is the same.

The difference with a quality score is that you’re measuring elements of design, rather than actions of an individual. For example, some of the elements that are known to be weighted to develop a quality score are as follows:

■ Domain names and URLs

■ Page content

■ Link structure

■ Usability and accessibility

■ Meta tags

■ Page structure

It’s a melding of these and other factors — sometimes very carefully balanced factors — that are used to create the quality score. Exactly how much weight is given to each factor is known only

to the mathematicians who create the algorithms that generate the quality score, but one thing is certain: The better quality score your site generates, the better your search engine results will be, which means the more traffic you will have coming from search engines.

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Search engine results pages

The other sides of the query interface, and the only other parts of a search engine that’s visible to users, are the search engine results pages (SERPs). This is the collection of pages that are returned with search results after a user enters a search term or phrase and clicks the Search button. This is also where you ultimately want to end up; and the higher you are in the search results, the more traffic you can expect to generate from search. Specifically, your goal is to end up on the first page of results — in the top 10 or 20 results that are returned for a given search term or phrase. Getting there can be a mystery, however. We’ll decode the clues that lead you to that goal throughout the book, but right now you need to understand a bit about how users see SERPs.

Let’s start with an understanding of how users view SERPs. Pretend you’re the searcher. You go to your favorite search engine — we’ll use Google for the purposes of illustration because that’s everyone’s favorite, isn’t it? Type in the term you want to search for and click the Search button. What’s the first thing you do when the page appears? Most people begin reading the titles and descriptions of the top results. That’s where you hook searchers and entice them to click through the links provided to your web page. But here’s the catch: You have to be ranked close enough to the top for searchers to see those results page titles and descriptions and then click through them, which usually means you need to be in the top 10 or 20 results, which translates into the first page or two of results. It’s a tough spot to hit.

There is no magic bullet or formula that will garner you those rankings every time. Instead, it takes hard work and consistent effort to push your site as high as possible in SERPs. At the risk of sounding repetitive, that’s the information you’ll find moving forward. There’s a lot of it, though, and to truly understand how to land good placement in SERPs, you really need to understand how search engines work. There is much more to them than what users see.

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Structure of a search engine

By now you probably have a fuzzy idea of how a search engine works, but there’s much more to it than just the basic overview you’ve seen so far. In fact, search engines have several parts. Unfortunately, it’s rare that you find an explanation describing just how a search engine is made — that’s proprietary information that search companies hold very close to their vests — and that information is vitally important to succeeding with search engine optimization (SEO).

Query interface

The query interface is what most people are familiar with, and it’s probably what comes to mind when you hear the term ‘‘search engine.’’ The query interface is the page, or user interface, that users see when they navigate to a search engine to enter a search term. There was a time when the search engine interface looked very much like the Ask.com page shown in figure. This interface was a simple page with a search box and a button to activate the search, and not much more.

Today, many search engines on the Web have added much more personalized content in an attempt to capitalize on the real estate available to them. For example, Yahoo! Search, shown in Figure, is just one of the search services that now enable users to personalize their pages with a free e-mail account, weather information, news, sports, and many other elements designed to make users want to return to that site to conduct their web searches. One other option users have for customizing the interfaces of their search engines is a capability like the one Google offers. The Google search engine has a customizable interface to which users can add different gadgets. These gadgets enable users to add features to their customized Google search home page that meet their own personal needs or tastes.

Search has even extended onto the desktop. Google and Microsoft both have search capabilities that, when installed on your computer, enable you to search your hard drive for documents and information in the same way you would search the Web. These capabilities aren’t of any particular use to you where SEO is concerned, but they do illustrate the prevalence of search and the value that users place on being able to quickly find information using searching capabilities.

When it comes to search engine optimization, Google’s user interface offers the most potential for you to reach your target audience, because it does more than just optimize your site for search: If a useful tool or feature is available on your site, you can enable users to have access to this tool or feature through the Application Programming Interface (API) made available by Google. Using the Google API, you can create a gadget that users can install on their Google Desktop, iGoogle page, or Firefox or Chrome browser. This enables you to have your name in front of users on a daily basis.

For example, a company called PDF24.org offers a Google gadget that enables users to turn their documents into PDF files right from their Google home page once the gadget has been added. If the point of search engine optimization is ultimately to get your name in front of as many people as possible, as often as possible, then making a gadget available for addition to Google’s personalized home page can only further that goal.

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Google Page Rank - Read More About The Concept-

PageRank is one of those mysteries that may never be completely unraveled. Volumes have been written about it, but probably the only two people in the world who understand it completely are Larry Page and Sergey Brin. That’s because it was their brainchild.

PageRank actually started as part of a research project that Page and Brin were working on at

Stanford University. The project involved creating a new search engine that ranked pages in a

democratic fashion with a few weights and measures thrown in for accuracy. Hence, the term.

(What else would you call a ranking system for web pages that was developed by Larry Page?)

The interesting thing about PageRank is that although Page and Brin conceived the idea and created the algorithm that arrives at a PageRank, it didn’t belong to them. Stanford University actually owned the patent on the PageRank algorithm until Google purchased the exclusive right to use the algorithm for 1.8 million shares of the company (which were sold in 2005 for $336 million).

PageRank is a method by which web pages are ranked in Google search results. A combination of factors create the actual rank of a web page. Google explains it this way: ‘‘PageRank relies on the uniquely democratic nature of the Web by using its vast link structure as an indicator of an individual page’s value. In essence, Google interprets a link from page A to page B as a vote, by page A, for page B. But Google looks at more than the sheer volume of votes, or links a page receives; it also analyzes the page that casts the vote. Votes cast by pages that are themselves ‘‘important’’ weigh more heavily and help to make other pages ‘‘important.’’’ In other words, it’s a mystery. A page that has more links (with equal votes) might rank lower than a page that has a single link that leads to a ‘‘more important’’ page. The lesson? Create pages for visitors, not for search engines.

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Search Engine Basics

What do you do when you need to find some bit of information — a fact, a statistic, a description,a product, or even just a phone number? In most cases, you bring up one of the major search engines and type in the term or phrase that you’re looking for and then click through the results, right? Then, like magic, the information you were looking for is right at your fingertips, accessible in a fraction of the time it used to take. But of course search engines weren’t always around.

In its infancy, the Internet wasn’t what you think of when you use it now. In fact, it was nothing like the web of interconnected sites that has become one of the greatest business facilitators of our time. Instead, what was called the Internet was actually a collection of FTP (File Transfer Protocol) sites that users could access to download (or upload) files.

To find a specific file in that collection, users had to navigate through each file. Sure, there were shortcuts. If you knew the right people — that would be the people who knew the exact address of the file you were looking for — you could go straight to the file. That’s assuming you knew exactlywhat you were looking for.

The whole process made finding files on the Internet a difficult, time-consuming exercise in patience; but that was before a student at McGill University in Montreal decided there had to be an easier way. In 1990, Alan Emtage created the first search tool used on the Internet. His

creation, an index of files on the Internet, was called Archie.

If you’re thinking Archie the comic book character created in 1941, you’re a little off track (at least for now). The name Archie was used because the filename Archives was too long. Later, Archie’s pals from the comic book series (Veronica and Jughead) came on to the search scene, too, but we’ll get to that shortly.

Archie wasn’t actually a search engine like those that you use today, but at the time it was a

program many Internet users were happy to have. The program basically downloaded directory

listings for all the files that were stored on anonymous FTP sites in a given network of computers.

Those listings were then plugged in to a searchable database of web sites. Archie’s search capabilities weren’t as fancy as the natural language capabilities you find in most common search engines today, but at the time it got the job done. Archie indexed computer files, making them easier to locate.

In 1991, however, another student named Mark McCahill, at the University of Minnesota, realized that if you could search for files on the Internet, then surely you could also search plain

text for specific references in the files. Because no such application existed, he created Gopher, a program that indexed the plain-text documents that later became the first web sites on the public Internet.

With the creation of Gopher, there also needed to be programs that could find references within the indexes that Gopher created, and so Archie’s pals finally rejoined him. Veronica (Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Net-wide Index to Computerized Archives) and Jughead (Jonzy’s Universal Gopher Hierarchy Excavation and Display) were created to search the files that were stored in the Gopher Index System.

Both of these programs worked in essentially the same way, enabling users to search the indexed information by keyword. From there, search as you know it began to mature. The first real search engine, in the form that we know search engines today, didn’t come into being until

1993. Developed by Matthew Gray, it was called Wandex. W

a ndex was the first program to both index and search the index of pages on the Web. This technology was the first program to crawl the Web, and later became the basis for all search crawlers. After that, search engines took on a life of their own. From 1993 to 1998, the major search engines that you’re probably familiar with today were created:

■ Excite—1993

■ Yahoo!—1994

■ Web Crawler —1994

■ Lycos —1994

■ Infoseek— 1995

■ AltaVista — 1995

■ Inktomi—1996

■ Ask Jeeves — 1997

■ Google —1997

■ MSN Search—1998

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Understanding SEO

Search engine optimization (SEO) is such a broad term. It can be quite overwhelming if you try to take the whole of it in a single bite. There are so many facets of search engine optimization, from how search engines work (and they all work a little differently) to how a web page is designed. There are enough elements to worry about that you could spend far more time than you can afford to invest in trying to achieve the SEO you have in mind. However, search engine optimization doesn’t have to be such an onerous task that it can’t be accomplished — not if you understand what it is and how it works.

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